Is Matter Around Us Pure? Blog 7
Chapter Is Matter Around Us Pure?
Topic Separating of Components of a Mixture
Lesson 7
Lesson 7
Hello Learners,
The components of a heterogeneous mixture can be separated by simple physical methods like hand picking,sieving, filtration etc. We extensively use these techniques in our day to day life. However, sometimes special techniques are used to separate the components of a mixture whether homogeneous or heterogeneous. We will be discussing some special techniques of separation of mixtures.
At the end of this topic, learner will be able to
(i) explain the principle of separation of substance.
(ii) explain the various applications of the techniques.
(A) How can we obtain coloured component (dye) from Blue or Black Ink?
Principle: Evaporation- The component can be separated by
the process of evaporation. The phenomenon of change of liquid into vapour
below its boiling point is called evaporation. It should be noted that direct
heating of ink is avoided because the blue or the black dye may decompose on
direct heating.
Applications: This method can be used to separate non-volatile components (solutes) dissolved in volatile solvents. This technique is used on a commercial scale to obtain common salt from sea
water or lakes.Sea water is collected in open shallow beds during high tide and allowed to evaporate in the hot sun. The salt left behind is collected and purified in the factories.
(B) How can we separate cream from milk?
Principle: Centrifugation- When a mixture is rotated at a
high speed, the lighter particles stay on the surface of the liquid while the
heavier particles are forced to the bottom of the liquid.
Applications: (i) The technique of centrifugation is used in
diagnostic laboratories for blood and urine tests.
(ii) It is used in dairies and homes to separate butter/cream
from milk.
(iii) It is used washing machine to squeeze out water from wet
clothes.
(C) How can we separate a mixture of two
immiscible liquids?
Draw this diagram in your chemistry note book)
Principle: By Separating funnel- The technique is based
upon the principle that when a mixture of two immicible liquids is allowed to
stand they separate out in two separate layers depending upon their densities.
Application: (i) This technique is used to separate a mixture
of oil and water of mixture of any two immiscible liquids like benzene and
water.
(ii)To extract organic compounds present in aqueous solution
using a water immiscible organic solvent like benzene or ether.
(iii) To separate metal form its ores. In the extraction of iron from its ore, the lighter slag is removed from the top by this method to leave the molten iron at the bottom in the furnace.
Home Assignment
1. Complete the notes in your chemistry note book
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